01
Climate Change Response Strategy
Identify governance, strategy, risk management, metrics, and targets based on the TCFD framework.
Climate Action
Environmental Performance｜Climate Action
Energy Management × Climate Resilience
Advancing NUK’s Low-carbon Campus Transition
National University of Kaohsiung integrates climate action into its institutionalized management framework. By implementing ISO 14064-1 greenhouse gas inventories and the ISO 50001 energy management system, and by combining smart energy management, solar photovoltaics, energy-saving improvements, climate risk identification, and disaster response, NUK is gradually building a low-carbon and resilient sustainable campus.
2050
NUK has signed the 2050 Net-zero Carbon Emissions Declaration. Using 2022 as the base year, the University set an average annual carbon reduction target of 3% and advances its campus decarbonization pathway through BAU and SBT scenarios.
2025 Climate Highlights
Annual Climate Action Highlights
NUK focuses on energy efficiency, renewable energy, carbon management, and climate resilience, advancing carbon reduction from individual improvement measures to systematic governance.
ISO 50001 The energy management system was formally introduced in 2025, establishing an institutionalized energy governance mechanism. SDG 7
Approx. 620,000 kWh Electricity saved in 2025 compared with the previous year, demonstrating improved energy efficiency. SDG 13
2,341.91 kWp Total installed rooftop solar photovoltaic capacity across the University by the end of 2025. SDG 7
2,849,687 kWh Total solar photovoltaic power generation in 2025. SDG 7
29.9 Energy Use Intensity, or EUI, in 2025, measured in kWh per square meter. Energy Efficiency
16.26% Cumulative electricity-saving rate from the 2015 base year to 2025. Energy-saving Performance
90 RECs Renewable energy certificates applied for self-built systems at the Administration Building and College of Law. REC
35±5% Cumulative Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon reduction target for 2035. Net-zero Pathway
Carbon and Electricity Comparison
Carbon Emissions and Electricity Consumption over the Past Three Years
Carbon emissions use 2022 as the base year and present verified inventory results for 2023 and 2024, along with the estimated value for 2025. Electricity consumption shows changes from 2023 to 2025.
Carbon Emissions Comparison: 2022 Base Year and 2025 Estimate
Unit: metric tons CO₂e. Scope: Scope 1 and Scope 2. 2022 is the base year; 2023 and 2024 are verified inventory data; 2025 is an estimated value based on the decarbonization pathway.
| Year | Data Status | Carbon Emissions | Change from 2022 | Reduction from 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Base Year | 6,034.45 | - | - |
| 2023 | Verified Inventory | 5,926.13 | -108.32 | 1.79% |
| 2024 | Verified Inventory | 5,973.71 | -60.74 | 1.01% |
| 2025 | Estimated | 5,661.64 | -372.81 | 6.18% |
Note: The figures for 2022, 2023, and 2024 are verified or disclosed inventory data. The 2025 figure is an estimated inventory value, and the actual emissions should be based on the annual greenhouse gas inventory verification results.
Electricity Consumption over the Past Three Years
Unit: kWh. Electricity consumption in 2025 decreased by 627,434 kWh compared with 2024, representing a reduction of approximately 5.01%.
| Year | Total Electricity Use | Annual Change | Annual Change Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 12,274,980 | - | - |
| 2024 | 12,520,011 | +245,031 | +2.00% |
| 2025 | 11,892,577 | -627,434 | -5.01% |
From Equipment-level Energy Saving to Climate Governance
NUK’s climate action is centered on inventory, management, reduction, and resilience. Greenhouse gas inventories provide the emissions baseline, ISO 50001 strengthens energy management, and the TCFD framework is used to identify climate risks and opportunities, gradually aligning campus operations with the 2050 net-zero transition.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory ISO 14064-1 establishes a measurable and verifiable carbon emissions data foundation to support campus carbon reduction management.
Energy Management System NUK introduced ISO 50001, established an energy management team, reviewed energy use in campus buildings and facilities, and proposed improvement measures.
Green Energy Deployment Campus rooftop spaces are systematically used for solar PV installation to increase the share of renewable energy applications.
Climate Resilience Management Climate risk identification and disaster response mechanisms reduce the impacts of extreme climate events on campus operations and the safety of students, faculty, and staff.
Management Framework
Five Management Dimensions of Climate Action
02
Green Energy
Expand campus applications of solar PV, heat pump systems, and solar water heating.
03
Energy-saving Performance
Reduce electricity use and EUI through ISO 50001, smart monitoring, and equipment replacement.
04
Disaster Emergency Response
Establish campus disaster management and response procedures to strengthen capacity for extreme weather events.
05
Carbon Neutrality Commitment
Using 2022 as the base year, advance staged carbon reduction pathways toward 2035 and 2050.
TCFD Climate Governance
Climate Change Response Strategy
Based on the TCFD analytical approach, NUK assesses the impacts of climate change on campus operations, infrastructure, energy costs, and financial planning, and integrates adaptation and mitigation actions into its environmental and energy management systems.
G
Governance
The energy management team and greenhouse gas inventory team regularly report climate risks and management measures to senior management.
S
Strategy
Short-, medium-, and long-term climate risks and opportunities are identified, with their impacts on operations and finances assessed.
R
Risk Management
Risk assessments, General Affairs Office management meetings, and campus response mechanisms are used to reduce extreme climate impacts.
M
Metrics and Targets
Greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, EUI, electricity-saving rate, and renewable energy are used as tracking indicators.
TCFD Climate Risk and Opportunity Matrix
TCFD Climate Risk and Opportunity Matrix
In accordance with the four core elements of the TCFD framework, NUK identifies climate-related risks and opportunities that may affect campus operations, energy costs, infrastructure, water resources, financial planning, and sustainability reputation. The matrix is developed based on likelihood and operational/financial impact.
G
Governance
The energy management team and greenhouse gas inventory team incorporate climate risk identification, carbon reduction strategy development, and performance monitoring into governance processes.
S
Strategy
Short-, medium-, and long-term climate risks and opportunities are identified, with their impacts on university operations, finances, and resource allocation assessed.
R
Risk Management
Risks are assessed according to likelihood and impact, with immediate and high-severity risks prioritized for management response.
M
Metrics and Targets
Energy performance, greenhouse gas inventories, energy saving and carbon reduction, water resource management, and low-carbon campus actions are used as tracking indicators.
High
Likelihood
Low
High Likelihood × High Impact
Priority Management
Priority Management
High Likelihood × Medium/Low Impact
Continuous Monitoring
Continuous Monitoring
Medium/Low Likelihood × High Impact
Strategic Preparation
Strategic Preparation
Medium/Low Likelihood × Medium/Low Impact
Routine Tracking
Routine Tracking
T1 T1 Rising energy and resource costs｜Impact 5, Likelihood 5｜High Risk
T2 T2 Strengthened emissions reporting requirements｜Impact 3, Likelihood 5｜Medium-high Risk
T3 T3 Reduced electricity subsidies or carbon fees｜Impact 5, Likelihood 4｜High Risk
T4 T4 Cost of carbon-neutral campus transition｜Impact 5, Likelihood 2｜Medium Risk
T5 T5 Impact on university reputation｜Impact 5, Likelihood 3｜Medium-high Risk
P1 P1 Typhoons｜Impact 4, Likelihood 3｜Medium-high Risk
P2 P2 Flooding｜Impact 4, Likelihood 3｜Medium-high Risk
P3 P3 Extreme heat｜Impact 3, Likelihood 4｜Medium-high Risk
P4 P4 Gradual water scarcity｜Impact 4, Likelihood 2｜Medium Risk
P5 P5 Changes in campus ecosystems｜Impact 2, Likelihood 2｜Low Risk
P6 P6 Rising average temperature｜Impact 2, Likelihood 3｜Medium Risk
P7 P7 Changes in rainfall patterns｜Impact 3, Likelihood 2｜Medium Risk
O1 O1 Improving energy and resource efficiency｜Impact 4, Likelihood 4｜High Opportunity
O2 O2 Water resource management and technology｜Impact 2, Likelihood 4｜Medium Opportunity
O3 O3 Access to government low-carbon programs｜Impact 3, Likelihood 3｜Medium Opportunity
O4 O4 Promoting low-carbon campus services｜Impact 1, Likelihood 5｜Low Opportunity
Low
Operational / Financial Impact
High
T
Transition Risks Including energy costs, carbon fees, disclosure obligations, low-carbon transition costs, and impacts on university reputation.
P
Physical Risks Including typhoons, flooding, extreme heat, water scarcity, ecosystem changes, and long-term climate changes.
O
Climate Opportunities Including energy efficiency, water resource technologies, government low-carbon programs, and low-carbon campus services.
Immediate Management and Rapid Response
- T1 Rising energy and resource costs
- T2 Strengthened emissions reporting requirements
- T3 Reduced electricity subsidies or carbon fees
- P1 Typhoons, P2 Flooding, P3 Extreme heat
- O1 Improving energy and resource efficiency, O2 Water resource management and technology
Institutional Deepening and Resource Investment
- T4 Cost of carbon-neutral campus transition
- P4 Gradual water scarcity
- P5 Changes in campus ecosystems
- O3 Access to government low-carbon programs
Resilient Campus and Low-carbon Transition
- T5 Impact on university reputation
- P6 Rising average temperature
- P7 Changes in rainfall patterns
- O4 Promoting low-carbon campus services
Climate Risks and Responses
Climate Risks, Financial Impacts, and Response Strategies
Climate risk management focuses on energy and resource costs, emissions disclosure obligations, carbon fees or electricity cost pressures, university reputation, and extreme weather impacts.
| Climate Risk | Financial or Operational Impact | Response Strategy | Related Management Aspect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rising Energy and Resource Costs |
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ISO 50001 Energy Management
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| Strengthened Emissions Reporting Requirements |
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ISO 14064-1 Disclosure
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| Reduced Electricity Subsidies or Carbon Fees |
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EUI Equipment Replacement
|
| Impact on University Reputation |
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GreenMetric Sustainability Disclosure
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| Typhoons and Extreme Rainfall |
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Resilient Campus Disaster Response
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Green Energy
Green Energy
NUK systematically uses campus space to install renewable energy systems and introduces heat pumps and solar water heating to increase the share of low-carbon energy use on campus.
Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Deployment
By the end of 2025, total rooftop solar PV capacity across the University reached 2,341.91 kWp, with total generation of 2,849,687 kWh in 2025.
- Effective use of campus rooftop spaces
- Increased renewable energy applications on campus
Renewable Energy Certificates
NUK has applied for 90 renewable energy certificates for the self-built solar PV systems at the Administration Building and College of Law, strengthening renewable energy management on campus.
- 10 kW REC system at the Administration Building
- 26.4 kW REC system at the College of Law
- Support for net-zero campus and green power management
Heat Pumps and Solar Water Heating
The heated swimming pool uses a high-efficiency heat pump system to replace conventional high-energy heating methods, while student dormitories use solar water heating systems.
- Reduced energy consumption for hot water supply
- Reduced reliance on fossil fuels
- Improved campus energy efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Energy-saving Performance
Between 2015 and 2025, NUK significantly reduced total electricity consumption and EUI through energy-efficient equipment replacement, energy management, and smart monitoring.
Summary of Electricity Use and EUI Improvements from 2015 to 2025
Total electricity consumption decreased from 14.20 million kWh in 2015 to 11.89 million kWh in 2025, representing a ten-year reduction of 2.31 million kWh. EUI decreased from 58.8 to 29.9 kWh per square meter.
Energy Management System
ISO 50001 Energy Management System
In 2025, NUK formally introduced the ISO 50001 energy management system, upgrading energy management from individual equipment improvements to an institutionalized, data-based, and continuous improvement mechanism.
Institutionalized Energy Management
An energy management team was established to review energy use in campus buildings and facilities. Through energy reviews, target setting, improvement measures, and performance tracking, NUK has established an energy management cycle.
- Review energy use in buildings and equipment
- Establish energy baselines and performance indicators
- Track the outcomes of energy-saving measures
- Regularly review energy management performance
Smart Energy and Low-carbon Equipment
Through smart energy management, low-carbon equipment replacement, and electricity-saving actions, NUK reduces campus energy consumption and carbon emissions, supporting its long-term net-zero campus goal.
- Smart energy monitoring and data analysis
- High-efficiency equipment replacement
- Electricity-use behavior management
- Parallel advancement of energy efficiency and carbon reduction
Carbon Neutrality Pathway
Carbon Neutrality Commitment and Emissions Reduction Pathway
Using 2022 as the base year, NUK set an average annual carbon reduction target of 3% and advances its pathway through short-term institutional development, medium-term deepening of carbon reduction, and long-term net-zero transition.
2022
Net-zero Declaration
The University President officially signed the 2050 Net-zero Carbon Emissions Declaration, committing NUK to promote campus carbon neutrality in line with national net-zero policy.
2025
System Development
NUK promoted ISO 14064-1 inventories and ISO 50001 energy management, establishing measurable and verifiable governance mechanisms.
2035
Staged Carbon Reduction
NUK aims to achieve a cumulative Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon reduction of 35±5%, while continuing energy saving, low-carbon energy, and carbon sink maintenance.
2050
Net-zero Campus
Campus operational carbon neutrality will be advanced through reduced energy demand, low-carbon buildings, renewable energy, and natural carbon sinks.
Emergency Response and Resilience
Campus Disaster Emergency Response and Climate Resilience
In response to typhoons, heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and extreme weather events, NUK reduces operational disruption and safety risks through risk assessment, response procedures, facility maintenance, and educational drills.
Identifying Climate Hazard Factors
Risk assessments are used to identify climate-related risks that may affect the campus, including typhoons, heavy rainfall, extreme heat, and changes in energy supply costs.
- Identify high-risk areas on campus
- Assess facility damage and operational impacts
- Include risks in General Affairs Office management meetings for follow-up
Strengthening Disaster Response Mechanisms
Through campus disaster emergency response operations, reporting procedures, and cross-unit collaboration, NUK reduces response time and ensures the safety of students, faculty, and staff.
- Establish campus disaster management mechanisms
- Activate relevant response operations
- Maintain continuity of campus operations
Reducing Extreme Climate Impacts
Facility inspections, maintenance and repair, disaster prevention drills, and resource preparedness are used to reduce disaster impacts on campus environment, finances, and campus activities.
- Strengthen disaster prevention facilities and inspections
- Enhance campus climate adaptation capacity
- Protect the safety of students, faculty, and staff
Climate Action Dashboard
Climate Action Management Measures and Outcomes
Climate action is managed through governance systems, energy efficiency, green energy, risk resilience, and carbon neutrality targets.
| Management Topic | Management Measures | Annual Outcomes | Relevant SDGs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Climate Governance |
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SDG 13 SDG 16
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| Energy Management |
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SDG 7 SDG 13
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| Green Energy |
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SDG 7 SDG 12 SDG 13
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| Climate Resilience |
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SDG 11 SDG 13
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| Carbon Neutrality Pathway |
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SDG 7 SDG 13 SDG 17
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Supporting Net-zero through Energy Governance and Protecting the Campus through Climate Resilience
NUK will continue to focus on greenhouse gas inventories, energy management, green energy, energy-saving improvements, and climate risk management to advance a low-carbon, smart, and adaptive sustainable campus.